Learn how to say "yet" in Cantonese using 未, from a conversation between two people about a soccer match
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| INTRODUCTION |
| David: Welcome to CantoneseClass101.com. I’m David. |
| Gimmy: 大家好, 我係 Gimmy。(daai6 gaa1 hou2, ngo5 hai6 Gimmy.) |
| David: And we’re here today with Beginner Season 1, Lesson 10. |
| Gimmy: The Hong Kong Soccer Team. |
| David: Right. So if you like sports and you’re in Hong Kong, we’re sorry. But we’ve got a dialogue that’s between two sports fans and one of them is going to ask “Have you watched the game?” And we’re going to hear what happens. |
| Gimmy: Yes. |
| David: So this is casual Cantonese Hong Kong style, as always. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| 睇咗場波未？(tai2 zo2 coeng4 bo1 mei6?) |
| 睇咗，激死我喇。(tai2 zo2, gik1 sei2 ngo5 laa3.) |
| 點解啫？(dim2 gaai2 zek1?) |
| 又輸波囉！(jau6 syu1 bo1 lo1!) |
| 好正常吖。 (hou2 zing3 soeng4 aa1.) |
| David: Once again, a bit slower. |
| 睇咗場波未？(tai2 zo2 coeng4 bo1 mei6?) |
| 睇咗，激死我喇。(tai2 zo2, gik1 sei2 ngo5 laa3.) |
| 點解啫？(dim2 gaai2 zek1?) |
| 又輸波囉！(jau6 syu1 bo1 lo1!) |
| 好正常吖。 (hou2 zing3 soeng4 aa1.) |
| David: And now, with the English translation. |
| 睇咗場波未？(tai2 zo2 coeng4 bo1 mei6?) |
| Have you watched the match yet? |
| 睇咗，激死我喇。(tai2 zo2, gik1 sei2 ngo5 laa3.) |
| Yes, I'm very upset. |
| 點解啫？(dim2 gaai2 zek1?) |
| Why? |
| 又輸波囉！(jau6 syu1 bo1 lo1!) |
| We lost again! |
| 好正常吖。 (hou2 zing3 soeng4 aa1.) |
| That's normal. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| David: Which is true. It’s true in most sports actually, not just soccer. |
| Gimmy: Yeah. |
| David: Hong Kong is not a place for sports lovers. |
| Gimmy: I have to admit, yes. |
| David: So our vocab today, is about winning, it’s about losing, and it’s about how common it is to be losing. Let’s get to it. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Gimmy: 未 (mei6) [natural native speed] |
| David: Yet. |
| Gimmy: 未 (mei6) [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 未 (mei6) [natural native speed]. |
| Gimmy: 激 (gik1) [natural native speed]. |
| David: To be upset. |
| Gimmy: 激 (gik1) [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 激 (gik1) [natural native speed]. |
| Gimmy: 又 (jau6) [natural native speed]. |
| David: Again. |
| Gimmy: 又 (jau6) [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 又 (jau6) [natural native speed]. |
| Gimmy: 輸 (syu1) [natural native speed] |
| David: To lose. |
| Gimmy: 輸 (syu1) [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 輸 (syu1) [natural native speed]. |
| Gimmy: 贏 (jeng4) [natural native speed] |
| David: To win. |
| Gimmy: 贏 (jeng4) [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 贏 (jeng4) [natural native speed]. |
| Gimmy: 正常 (zing3 soeng4) [natural native speed] |
| David: Normal. |
| Gimmy: 正常 (zing3 soeng4) [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 正常 (zing3 soeng4) [natural native speed]. |
| Gimmy: 點解 (dim2 gaai2) [natural native speed] |
| David: Why? |
| Gimmy: 點解 (dim2 gaai2) [slowly - broken down by syllable]. 點解 (dim2 gaai2) [natural native speed]. |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| David: Let’s take a closer look at some of these words and phrases. The first word we want to highlight is the verb “to lose.” |
| Gimmy: 輸. (syu1.) |
| David: “To lose.” |
| Gimmy: 輸.(syu1.) |
| David: As in the sentence “we lost again.” |
| Gimmy: 又輸波喇. (jau6 syu1 bo1 laa3.) |
| David: “We lost again.” |
| Gimmy: 又輸波. (又輸波.) |
| David: Right. |
| Gimmy: David, you know, if you watch Hong Kong soccer, you hear this word a lot. |
| David: Right. You will hear your colleagues ask each other, “why do we always lose?” |
| Gimmy: Yes, 點解我哋又輸波. (dim2 gaai2 ngo5 dei6 jau6 syu1 bo1.) |
| David: Which is “why do we lose again?” What about “why do we always lose?” |
| Gimmy: 點解我哋成日輸波？ (dim2 gaai2 ngo5 dei6 sing4 jat6 syu1 bo1?) |
| David: “Why do we always lose?” |
| Gimmy: 點解我哋成日輸? (dim2 gaai2 ngo5 dei6 sing4 jat6 syu1?) |
| David: And the word that’s the opposite of lose is very rarely mentioned in Hong Kong sport circles, is to win. |
| Gimmy: 贏 (jeng4) |
| David: “To win.” |
| Gimmy: 贏. (jeng4.) I can hardly think of a sport that Hong Kong wins. |
| David: Right. Certainly not soccer. Racing, people in Hong Kong love racing and there’s always a winner. |
| Gimmy: All right. |
| David: So if you go horse-racing, there’s going to be someone in the crowd shouting “I won! I won!” |
| Gimmy: Yes. That’s a good thing. 我贏咗. (ngo5 jeng4 zo2.) |
| David: Right. “I won, I won.” |
| Gimmy: 我贏咗. 我贏咗呀. (ngo5 jeng4 zo2 . ngo5 jeng4 zo2 aa3.) |
| David: Right. And we’ve got the excited 呀 (aa3) at the end of that, too. |
| Gimmy: Yes. |
| David: Right? But most of the time, Hong Kong sporting teams lose and they lose again and again. |
| Gimmy: So we got the word 又…(jau6...) |
| David: …which means “again.” |
| Gimmy: 又. (jau6.) |
| David: This is an adverb so we’re placing it after the subject in our sentence. |
| Gimmy: Right. |
| David: “We lost again.” |
| Gimmy: 我哋又輸. (ngo5 dei6 jau6 syu1.) |
| David: They lost again. |
| Gimmy: 佢哋又輸. (keoi5 dei6 jau6 syu1.) |
| David: Or maybe if you’re talking about a film, you could say “I watched it again.” |
| Gimmy: 我又睇過. (ngo5 jau6 tai2 gwo1.) |
| David: Or going to a restaurant, “I went there again.” |
| Gimmy: 我又去過. (ngo5 jau6 heoi3 gwo3.) |
| David: Right. So we hear this is our dialogues again and again. |
| Gimmy: 又輸波喇. (jau6 syu1 bo1 laa3.) |
| David: We lost again. The final word we want to highlight is “normal.” |
| Gimmy: 正常. (zing3 soeng4) The sad thing is we mentioned the team lost… |
| David: “normal.” |
| Gimmy: 正常. (zing3 soeng4) |
| David: Yeah. |
| Gimmy: …it’s a normal thing. |
| David: Yes. |
| Gimmy: 正常. (zing3 soeng4) |
| David: “It’s really common.” |
| Gimmy: So if your friend is complaining how the team lost…” |
| David: Right. You can always console them and tell them…. |
| Gimmy: 輸波好正常啫. (syu1 bo1 hou2 zing3 soeng4 ze1.) |
| David: “Losing, it’s normal.” |
| Gimmy: 輸波好正常啫. (syu1 bo1 hou2 zing3 soeng4 ze1.) |
| David: Right. “Losing is normal.” |
| Gimmy: Yes. |
| David: Right. And with that, let’s get to our grammar point. |
| David: It’s grammar time! |
Lesson focus |
| David: Our focus today is the word for “yet.” |
| Gimmy: 未. (mei6.) |
| David: Yet. |
| Gimmy: 未. (mei6.) |
| David: So we’re going to learn how to build sentences like the one in our dialogue, “Have you seen the match yet?” |
| Gimmy: 睇咗場波未? (tai2 zo2 coeng4 bo1 mei6?) |
| David: “Have you seen the match yet?” |
| Gimmy: 睇咗場波未? (tai2 zo2 coeng4 bo1 mei6?) |
| David: So Gimmy, what’s going on? |
| Gimmy: So we have the word 未 (mei6) at the very end. |
| David: Right. And we just add this to the end of the sentence. |
| Gimmy: Right. |
| David: For instance, the question, “Have you eaten?” |
| Gimmy: 你食咗飯？ (nei5 sik6 zo2 faan6?) |
| David: “Have you eaten yet?” |
| Gimmy: 你食咗飯未？(nei5 sik6 zo2 faan6 mei6?) |
| David: For another example, say you’re at the office and a colleague comes by and asked, “Have you finished?” |
| Gimmy: 你做完？(nei5 zou6 jyun4?) |
| David: This is different from “Have you finished yet?” |
| Gimmy: 你做完未？(nei5 zou6 jyun4 mei6?) |
| David: Let’s hear those again. “Have you finished?” |
| Gimmy: 你做完？(nei5 zou6 jyun4?) |
| David: “Have you eaten?” |
| Gimmy: 你食咗？ (nei5 sik6 zo2?) |
| David: Have you finished yet? |
| Gimmy: 你做完未？(nei5 zou6 jyun4 mei6?) |
| David: Have you eaten yet? |
| Gimmy: 你食咗飯未？(nei5 sik6 zo2 faan6 mei6?) |
| David: For final example, let’s say there’s a film you absolutely love and you’re asking a friend, “Have you seen it?” |
| Gimmy: 你睇咗？(nei5 tai2 zo2?) |
| David: Now if you keep asking this, eventually you’re going to want to say “Have you seen it yet?” |
| Gimmy: 你睇咗未？(nei5 tai2 zo2 mei6?) |
| David: So this is a really simple grammar structure. We ask our question as usual. |
| Gimmy: And we put the word 未(mei6) at the very end. |
| David: Right, just like in English “Have you eaten?” “Have you eaten yet?” |
| Gimmy: 你食咗？你食咗未？ (nei5 sik6 zo2? nei5 sik6 zo2 mei6?) So we’re at the end of the podcast, David. |
Outro |
| David: Thanks a lot for listening and we’ll see you on the site. |
| Gimmy: 多謝收聽, 下次見. (do1 ze6 sau1 teng1, haa6 ci3 gin3.) |
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